The Health Promotion Model is associated with which researcher?

• A. Murdaugh
• B. Leavell and Clark
• C. Rosenstock
• D. Prochaska and DiClemente

Answer: (A)

The Health Promotion Model is associated with Nola J. Pender. This framework looks at how personal factors and experiences shape behavior-specific cognitions and affect, which in turn influence whether someone engages in health-promoting actions. Key ideas include perceived benefits and barriers to action, self-efficacy, activity-related affect, interpersonal and situational influences, and commitment to a plan of action, along with competing demands. It’s used to design interventions that help people adopt healthier behaviors rather than just prevent disease.

For context, the other names on the list relate to different theories: Leavell and Clark are known for levels of prevention (primary, secondary, tertiary); Rosenstock is associated with the Health Belief Model; Prochaska and DiClemente developed the Transtheoretical Model (stages of change).